When it comes to Japanese cuisine, the first dish that often springs to mind is sushi. While sushi is undeniably a global ambassador for Japanese food, it's just the tip of the iceberg in a country known for its deep culinary traditions.
Japan offers an extraordinary range of gastronomic experiences, from heartwarming ramen to sizzling street foods, each dish telling its own story of local culture, history, and artistry. If you're planning a trip to Japan, there's a world of flavours waiting for you.
Japanese culinary excellence: A UNESCO heritage treasure
In Japan, meals are a ritual, with great attention paid to the freshness of ingredients, the balance of flavours, and even the visual presentation. Whether you're indulging in a kaiseki multi-course meal or grabbing a quick bowl of soba, you're partaking in a centuries-old tradition of respect for food.
One of the first things to note about Japan's food is its cultural significance. Known as washoku, the traditional dietary culture of Japan was recognised in 2013 by UNESCO as an intangible cultural heritage, a nod to its deep-rooted connection to Japanese identity. Washoku is more than just food - it embodies a philosophy of balance and harmony with nature. It emphasises seasonality, aesthetics, and health, principles that are reflected not only in fine dining but also in everyday meals.
Table manners: an insight into Japanese dining etiquette
Before diving into what to eat in Japan, it's useful to know a bit about Japanese dining etiquette. Respect for food and others at the table is crucial in Japanese culture, and showing good manners is appreciated.
Here are a few things to keep in mind: Itadakimasu ("I humbly receive"): Before starting a meal, it's customary to say this phrase to express gratitude for the food.
Don't stick chopsticks upright into rice: This is associated with funerary rituals and is considered disrespectful at the table.
Use chopsticks properly: Avoid pointing with them, passing food directly from one pair of chopsticks to another, or licking them.
Drinking culture: When drinking with others, wait until everyone has been served, and then say "kanpai" (cheers!) before taking a sip.
Finishing your plate: Leaving food behind can be seen as wasteful, so try to finish what's served.
With these basics covered, let's explore some of the incredible culinary experiences awaiting you in Japan.
Dining in Japan: a variety of experiences
One of the joys of eating in Japan is the sheer diversity of dining environments. Whether you're after a traditional experience or something more casual, Japan has a venue for every type of meal you're in the mood for.
Izakayas - Japan's answer to pubs
If you enjoy casual dining, you'll love the atmosphere of an izakaya. These Japanese-style pubs are perfect for sharing small plates of food with friends while enjoying drinks like sake, beer, or highballs (whisky and soda).
Izakayas serve a wide range of Japanese dishes, from yakitori (grilled chicken skewers) to edamame (soybeans steamed or boiled in their pods), and they're great places to relax and sample different flavours.
Kaiseki - the pinnacle of fine dining
For those looking to splurge on a memorable meal, kaiseki is the ultimate fine-dining experience in Japan. Kaiseki is a multi-course meal that reflects the seasons and emphasises local, fresh ingredients.
Each course is meticulously prepared and presented, making it as much a visual feast as a culinary one. Kaiseki meals are often served at ryokan (traditional Japanese inns), where the serene setting complements the elegance of the meal.
Family-run ramen shops
Of course, a quintessential Japanese dining experience involves slurping a steaming bowl of ramen. While chain ramen restaurants are common, for a more authentic Japanese experience, seek out smaller, family-run shops.
These often have secret recipes passed down through generations. Whether it's tonkotsu (pork-based), miso, shoyu (soy sauce), or shio (salt) ramen, you'll find a variety of regional styles that differ in broth and toppings.
Conveyor belt sushi (kaiten-zushi)
A visit to a kaiten-zushi restaurant (conveyor belt sushi) is a fun, interactive dining experience. Watch as plates of fresh sushi glide past on a conveyor belt, and pick what appeals to you. Not only is this a more affordable way to enjoy sushi, but it also offers a casual, playful take on Japan's most iconic dish.
Street food: Japan's on-the-go delights
You can't say you've truly experienced Japan's cuisine without sampling its incredible street food. From vibrant markets to food stalls near temples, Japanese street food offers a unique way to experience the country's flavours. Here are a few dishes to look out for.
Takoyaki: Perhaps the most famous of all Japanese street foods is takoyaki - small, round octopus-filled batter balls, drizzled with sweet sauce, mayonnaise, and bonito flakes. Originally from Osaka, takoyaki is a must-try snack, perfect for eating on the go.
Okonomiyaki: Another Osaka favourite, okonomiyaki is often described as a savoury pancake. Made from a flour-based batter mixed with cabbage, seafood, or pork, it's cooked on a hot grill and then topped with sauces and seaweed flakes. Street vendors will often cook it right in front of you, adding to the appeal.
Taiyaki: For a sweet treat, try taiyaki, a fish-shaped cake traditionally filled with red bean paste. Modern versions come with fillings like custard, chocolate, or even sweet potato, making it an irresistible option for dessert lovers.
Yatai: In Fukuoka, you'll find yatai - small, mobile food stalls that come to life in the evenings. These open-air stands serve everything from ramen to grilled skewers, and the lively, communal atmosphere makes them a great spot for casual dining.
Signature dishes to try in Japan
While Japan's street food is fantastic, its regional and signature dishes deserve special attention. Here are a few must-try items:
Ramen
As mentioned earlier, ramen is one of Japan's most beloved dishes, and each region has its take. In Hokkaido, for instance, you'll find miso ramen with corn and butter, while Kyushu is known for its rich, creamy tonkotsu broth. The variations are endless, and a ramen tour across Japan could easily become the highlight of your trip.
Tempura battered food
Tempura is a light, crispy dish of battered and deep-fried seafood or vegetables. The batter is incredibly delicate, making tempura both airy and satisfying. Head to a specialised tempura restaurant, and you'll often find the dish served in seasonal variations, showcasing the freshest ingredients.
Soba and udon
Soba (buckwheat noodles) and udon (thick wheat noodles) are staples of Japanese cuisine, offering a comforting, wholesome meal. Soba is typically served cold with a dipping sauce in summer, while udon, often in a hot broth, is popular in winter. Both dishes are widely available and are perfect for a light yet filling lunch.
Sukiyaki and shabu-shabu
For a communal dining experience, try sukiyaki or shabu-shabu. Both are hot pot dishes where thinly sliced meat and vegetables are cooked in a simmering broth at the table. Sukiyaki uses a sweet soy-based broth, while shabu-shabu is more savoury, with ingredients dipped into various sauces after cooking.
Wasabi
Although not a dish on its own, wasabi is an essential condiment in Japanese cuisine, commonly served alongside sushi, sashimi, and more. This green paste is made from the grated root of the wasabi plant, known for its sharp, sinus-clearing heat and distinctive flavour.
Drinks to pair with your meals
No exploration of Japanese cuisine would be complete without mentioning the accompanying drinks. Here are a few to consider:
Sake: Often referred to as rice wine, Sake is one of Japan's most iconic beverages. Made through a meticulous brewing process that converts starches in rice to sugars and then to alcohol, sake comes in various styles, each with its own flavour profile. The two primary types are junmai (pure rice sake) and ginjo (premium sake with polished rice), and they range from dry to sweet.
Culturally, sake is often enjoyed during special occasions, such as weddings, festivals, and New Year celebrations, where it plays a significant role in rituals. It's common to pour sake for others as a sign of respect and camaraderie. Sake can be served chilled, at room temperature, or warmed, depending on the type and the season, making it a versatile pairing for various dishes, from sushi to hearty hot pots.
Green tea: Green tea, or ocha, is an essential part of Japanese culture and daily life. Japan is famous for its high-quality green tea varieties, such as sencha and matcha. Sencha is the most common green tea served in homes and restaurants, known for its refreshing taste and slight bitterness. Matcha, on the other hand, is a finely ground powder used in traditional tea ceremonies, offering a unique umami flavour and vibrant green colour.
Drinking green tea is not just about quenching thirst; it also embodies a ritual of mindfulness and appreciation for nature. It's often served with sweets to balance its astringency. The tradition of tea drinking is deeply rooted in Japanese culture, with a tea ceremony highlighting the importance of harmony, respect, and tranquillity.
Beer: Japanese beer, commonly referred to as birru, has gained immense popularity both domestically and internationally. Major brands like Asahi, Kirin, and Sapporo produce light and crisp lagers that are perfect for complementing a variety of dishes, from tempura to grilled meats. Beer culture in Japan is vibrant, with countless craft breweries popping up, each offering unique flavours inspired by local ingredients.
In casual dining settings, beer is often enjoyed alongside small plates of food. It's customary to order a pitcher of beer to share among friends, and you'll often see beer gardens during the summer months, where people gather to enjoy food and drink outdoors.
Whisky: Japanese whisky has become a global sensation, praised for its craftsmanship and smooth flavour. Distilleries like Yamazaki, Hakushu, and Nikka have earned international acclaim, winning prestigious awards.
The process of whisky-making in Japan is heavily influenced by Scottish traditions, but Japanese distillers have developed their own unique styles, often incorporating local ingredients and techniques. Whisky in Japan is typically enjoyed straight, on the rocks, or as a highball (whisky and soda). It's common to see whisky served in casual settings, paired with izakaya dishes or as part of a more formal dining experience. If you're a whisky enthusiast, visiting a whisky bar or distillery is a must.
Practical tips for eating in Japan
Cash is king: Many smaller Japanese restaurants and street vendors do not accept credit cards, so it's best to carry cash.
Tipping is uncommon: Tipping is not a custom in Japan, and can even be seen as rude in some cases. Exceptional service is expected and built into the price.
English menus: In larger cities, you'll often find English menus or pictures, but learning a few basic Japanese phrases or using a translation app can be helpful.
Vending machines: In some ramen shops, you order via vending machines, taking your ticket to the counter. It's an efficient and novel experience for many first-time visitors.
Taste Japan for yourself
Japanese cuisine is a gateway to understanding its culture, history, and way of life. Whether you're savouring delicate kaiseki dishes or indulging in a quick bowl of ramen noodles, each meal offers a chance to connect with the country on a deeper level.
Embrace the adventure and take the plunge into the flavours that Japan has to offer. From the bustling streets of Tokyo to the serene landscapes of Kyoto, you will find that every region has its own unique culinary gems.
Our Japan itineraries include experiences that let you embrace its cuisine. On the Grand Tour of Japan, enjoy a guided tour with a tasting at a miso factory and witness the elegance of a traditional tea ceremony. The Jewels of Japan tour also includes a sake brewery tour and tasting and an unforgettable dinner in the atmospheric Pontocho Alley - a street in Kyoto famous for its restaurants.
So, grab your chopsticks, and get ready to try Japanese food for yourself with the experts on our Japan holidays.
